阿法替尼(Afatinib)

简介

阿法替尼适用于表皮生长因子酪氨酸激酶(EGFR)基因具有敏感突变的局部晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的一线治疗,是标准的EGFR初始治疗。此外,阿法替尼还可用于含铂化疗期间或化疗后疾病进展的局部晚期或转移性鳞状组织学类型的NSCLC。


背景

阿法替尼最常见的副作用包括腹泻、皮疹、口炎、甲沟炎和皮肤干燥(发生率分别为95%、89%、72%、57%和29%),与其他EGFR-TKI的副作用一致。部分数据表明,阿法替尼作为第二代EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI),与第一代的吉非替尼可能治疗效果相比更佳但严重的毒性反应的发生率更高。


肺毒性

目前,阿法替尼被报道的肺损伤类型为亚急性、慢性间质性肺疾病,闭塞性细支气管炎,胸腔积液,以及亚临床ANCA阳性、血栓性微血管病变等系统性疾病,但发病率均较低。有两项随机试验使用阿法替尼(40 mg/d)治疗NSCLC患者:Lung LUX3试验中,230例患者接受阿法替尼治疗,结果有3例(1%)可能发生间质性肺疾病;Lung LUX6试验中,242例患者接受阿法替尼治疗,结果有1例出现4级间质性肺疾病,用抗生素和糖皮质激素治疗后好转。


损伤机制

尚不明确EGFR-TKI引起肺毒性的机制。EGFR表达于Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,参与肺泡壁的修复。EGFR TKI通过干扰肺泡修复机制,可加重其他因素(包括脓毒症、放疗、原有肺损伤及其他药物)所致肺损伤效应。


用药结果和药物管理

EGFR-TKI引起肺毒性的治疗以支持性为主,同时立即停药,予以辅助供氧和经验性抗生素治疗,并根据临床需要予以机械通气。通常推荐全身应用糖皮质激素治疗,但支持使用该药的证据主要来源于个案报道。


参考文献

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